@media only screen and (min-width: 782px) { .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="64a7bdb598fc1f84928d6caa63eabd2a"] { display: none; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 782px) { .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="7e3a1e54c6cffe397819234574554c82"] { display: none; } } .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="7b00033d54d42a5e8079342908629dd9"] { background: rgba( 240, 243, 247, 1 );padding: 25px; } .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="a16c635640a82fb718645c6a45644254"] { background: rgba( 64, 126, 201, 1 );padding: 75px 25px 75px 25px; } .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="a16c635640a82fb718645c6a45644254"] > .tb-container-inner { max-width: 900px; } .tb-button{color:#f1f1f1}.tb-button--left{text-align:left}.tb-button--center{text-align:center}.tb-button--right{text-align:right}.tb-button__link{color:inherit;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:100%;text-decoration:none !important;text-align:center;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__link:hover,.tb-button__link:focus,.tb-button__link:visited{color:inherit}.tb-button__link:hover .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:focus .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:visited .tb-button__content{font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;text-shadow:inherit;text-transform:inherit}.tb-button__content{vertical-align:middle;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__icon{transition:all 0.3s ease;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal !important}.tb-button__icon::before{content:attr(data-font-code);font-weight:normal !important}.tb-button__link{background-color:#444;border-radius:0.3em;font-size:1.3em;margin-bottom:0.76em;padding:0.55em 1.5em 0.55em} .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="89363fa506982719080edbfd242351a2"] { text-align: center; } .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="89363fa506982719080edbfd242351a2"] .tb-button__link { background-color: rgba( 255, 105, 0, 1 );border-radius: 0;color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1 );padding: 13px 32px 13px 32px;font-size: 18px;line-height: 20px;font-family: Poppins;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;letter-spacing: 0px;text-transform: uppercase;color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1 ); } .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="89363fa506982719080edbfd242351a2"] .tb-button__link:hover { background-color: rgba( 7, 29, 73, 1 );color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1 );font-size: 18px;line-height: 20px;font-family: Poppins;font-weight: 600;color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1 ); } .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="89363fa506982719080edbfd242351a2"] .tb-button__icon { font-family: dashicons; } h4.tb-heading[data-toolset-blocks-heading="f79d6d57d387b7b89bded1eefd14c9fa"]  { font-size: 38px;font-family: Poppins;font-weight: 500;color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1 );text-align: center; }  h4.tb-heading[data-toolset-blocks-heading="f79d6d57d387b7b89bded1eefd14c9fa"] a  { text-decoration: none; } .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="4d339687f4c9c354ed4e82e865692339"] { padding: 25px; } .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="60e6082cff0d77c818bfabe5ab1b89e8"] { padding: 25px;margin-top: -120px; } .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="60e6082cff0d77c818bfabe5ab1b89e8"] > .tb-container-inner { max-width: 900px; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="c881305506c061c29f270d6c0a5512c6"] { padding-bottom: 25px; } .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="57c459d87c1a77257eea4303d9f28ba4"] { padding-bottom: 25px; }  .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="57c459d87c1a77257eea4303d9f28ba4"] a { text-decoration: none; } .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="0dd04cbe9be35cfbf4fdb10393757909"] { padding-bottom: 25px; }  .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="0dd04cbe9be35cfbf4fdb10393757909"] a { text-decoration: none; } .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="e72b9b1c892a77213ecd14b4e72f308f"] { padding-bottom: 25px; }  .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="e72b9b1c892a77213ecd14b4e72f308f"] a { text-decoration: none; } .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="ba2394bb58845bb595b50bd44bf5c029"] { padding-bottom: 25px;margin-bottom: 0px; }  .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="ba2394bb58845bb595b50bd44bf5c029"] a { text-decoration: none; }  .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="a3c1356471e8cb98ce8b1550df60c8d2"] a { text-decoration: none; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="63ec159b7aa4138265e7eb55d9f7fc86"] { margin-bottom: 20px; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="fc659f5bde1a805687ab3acb534d959a"] { margin-bottom: 30px; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="f748a0fe2c80541bf77d03679475cbde"] { font-family: Poppins;font-weight: 500;font-size: 21px;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 20px; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="f748a0fe2c80541bf77d03679475cbde"] p { font-size: 21px;font-family: Poppins;font-weight: 500;line-height: 1.4em; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="a908943b9d25dbcf6af74680c7a16de8"] { font-family: Lora;font-weight: normal;font-size: 54px;line-height: 1.2em;margin-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 0px; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="a908943b9d25dbcf6af74680c7a16de8"] p { font-size: 54px;font-family: Lora;font-weight: normal;line-height: 1.2em; }  .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="5adf4dac3f32cb74d0cd444aacd80d44"] a { text-decoration: none; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="35ec8e9b8030032861998b037ce34eed"] { color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 1 );margin-top: 20px; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="35ec8e9b8030032861998b037ce34eed"] p { color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 1 ); } .tb-image{position:relative;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.wp-block-image .tb-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.tb-image img{max-width:100%;height:auto;width:auto;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image{display:table}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image .tb-image-caption{display:table-caption;caption-side:bottom} .wp-block-image.tb-image[data-toolset-blocks-image="b4773aa84937499e6610081a6f62e1dc"] { max-width: 100%; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="64a7bdb598fc1f84928d6caa63eabd2a"] { font-family: Poppins;font-weight: 500;font-size: 21px;line-height: 1.4em;margin-bottom: 20px; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="64a7bdb598fc1f84928d6caa63eabd2a"] p { font-size: 21px;font-family: Poppins;font-weight: 500;line-height: 1.4em; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="7e3a1e54c6cffe397819234574554c82"] { font-family: Lora;font-weight: normal;font-size: 54px;line-height: 1.2em;margin-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 0px; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="7e3a1e54c6cffe397819234574554c82"] p { font-size: 54px;font-family: Lora;font-weight: normal;line-height: 1.2em; } .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="707cca86d1d69a4200c9d1bca01a6eeb"] { background: rgba( 51, 51, 51, 1 );padding: 25px 25px 170px 25px; } .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="707cca86d1d69a4200c9d1bca01a6eeb"] > .tb-container-inner { max-width: 900px; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="eaf8c7d3cc26c4672bce0d80410e7de9"] { font-family: Poppins;font-weight: 500;font-size: 14px;color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1 ); } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="eaf8c7d3cc26c4672bce0d80410e7de9"] p { font-size: 14px;font-family: Poppins;font-weight: 500;color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1 ); } @media only screen and (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 781px) { .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="64a7bdb598fc1f84928d6caa63eabd2a"] { display: none; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 781px) { .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="7e3a1e54c6cffe397819234574554c82"] { display: none; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 781px) { .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto}.tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto}.tb-button{color:#f1f1f1}.tb-button--left{text-align:left}.tb-button--center{text-align:center}.tb-button--right{text-align:right}.tb-button__link{color:inherit;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:100%;text-decoration:none !important;text-align:center;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__link:hover,.tb-button__link:focus,.tb-button__link:visited{color:inherit}.tb-button__link:hover .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:focus .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:visited .tb-button__content{font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;text-shadow:inherit;text-transform:inherit}.tb-button__content{vertical-align:middle;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__icon{transition:all 0.3s ease;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal !important}.tb-button__icon::before{content:attr(data-font-code);font-weight:normal !important}.tb-button__link{background-color:#444;border-radius:0.3em;font-size:1.3em;margin-bottom:0.76em;padding:0.55em 1.5em 0.55em} .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto}.tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto}      .tb-image{position:relative;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.wp-block-image .tb-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.tb-image img{max-width:100%;height:auto;width:auto;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image{display:table}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image .tb-image-caption{display:table-caption;caption-side:bottom}.tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="64a7bdb598fc1f84928d6caa63eabd2a"] {  } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="7e3a1e54c6cffe397819234574554c82"] {  } .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} } @media only screen and (max-width: 599px) { .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="7b00033d54d42a5e8079342908629dd9"] { padding-right: 0px;padding-left: 0px; } .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="a16c635640a82fb718645c6a45644254"] { padding-top: 50px;padding-bottom: 50px; } .tb-button{color:#f1f1f1}.tb-button--left{text-align:left}.tb-button--center{text-align:center}.tb-button--right{text-align:right}.tb-button__link{color:inherit;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:100%;text-decoration:none !important;text-align:center;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__link:hover,.tb-button__link:focus,.tb-button__link:visited{color:inherit}.tb-button__link:hover .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:focus .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:visited .tb-button__content{font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;text-shadow:inherit;text-transform:inherit}.tb-button__content{vertical-align:middle;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__icon{transition:all 0.3s ease;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal !important}.tb-button__icon::before{content:attr(data-font-code);font-weight:normal !important}.tb-button__link{background-color:#444;border-radius:0.3em;font-size:1.3em;margin-bottom:0.76em;padding:0.55em 1.5em 0.55em}h4.tb-heading[data-toolset-blocks-heading="f79d6d57d387b7b89bded1eefd14c9fa"]  { font-size: 26px; }  .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="4d339687f4c9c354ed4e82e865692339"] { padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px; } .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="60e6082cff0d77c818bfabe5ab1b89e8"] { padding-right: 0px;padding-left: 0px; }      .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="f748a0fe2c80541bf77d03679475cbde"] { display: none; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="a908943b9d25dbcf6af74680c7a16de8"] { display: none; }  .tb-image{position:relative;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.wp-block-image .tb-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.tb-image img{max-width:100%;height:auto;width:auto;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image{display:table}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image .tb-image-caption{display:table-caption;caption-side:bottom}.tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="7e3a1e54c6cffe397819234574554c82"] { font-size: 40px;margin-top: 0px; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="7e3a1e54c6cffe397819234574554c82"] p { font-size: 40px; } .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="707cca86d1d69a4200c9d1bca01a6eeb"] { padding-bottom: 100px; }  } 

Home / Find our experts / Brendan Shanahan

Brendan Shanahan

Lecturer; Associate Research Scholar, Yale University (History Department, Canadian Studies)

CONTACT INFORMATION

brendan.shanahan@yale.edu

Website

AVAILABLE FOR

Consultations for Documentaries, Educational Workshops, Interviews, Non-Academic Public Talks

Brendan Shanahan

Lecturer; Associate Research Scholar, Yale University (History Department, Canadian Studies)

AREAS OF EXPERTISE

Immigration During the 19th Century, Immigration During the 20th Century, Nativism and Xenophobia, North American Migration

AREAS OF TEACHING

(North) American immigration and citizenship legal history; comparative U.S. and Canadian political history

PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT

Media Engagement, Public Talks

BIO

Brendan A. Shanahan is a Lecturer in the Department of History and an Associate Research Scholar at the MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale University. He teaches courses on (North) American immigration and citizenship history, and comparative U.S. and Canadian legal and political history.

EXTENDED PROFILE

He teaches courses on (North) American immigration and citizenship policy and comparative US and Canadian political and legal history. Prior to joining Canadian Studies, he served as a postdoctoral associate at Yale’s Center for the Study of Representative Institutions. Before that, Shanahan earned his PhD and MA from the University of California, Berkeley (where he was an active member in Cal’s Canadian Studies Program), and received his BA from McGill University in Montreal.

His first book, Disparate Regimes: Nativist Politics, Alienage Law, and Citizenship Rights in the United States, 1865-1965 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2025) shows how the rights of immigrants in the United States were primarily determined in the realms of state politics and alienage law from the late nineteenth- to the mid-twentieth centuries, with lawmakers, voters, and jurists regularly debating whether noncitizens should vote, count as part of the population for the purposes of representation, work in public and publicly funded employment, or obtain professional licensure within their respective states. It argues that the contestation over nativist state politics and alienage policies produced veritable disparate regimes of citizenship rights in the U.S. political economy on a state-by-state basis and helped to invent and concretize the idea that citizenship rights meant citizen-only rights in law, practice, and popular perception for immigrants and native-born Americans alike in the century between the American Civil War and the Civil Rights era.

Shanahan’s work has previously appeared in The Catholic Historical Review, Law and History Review, and the Washington Post, among other publications. His 2021 LHR article zoomed into one particularly fractious and hitherto lost-to-history episode in US-Canadian relations (later covered, albeit more briefly, in Disparate Regimes), “A “Practically American” Canadian Woman Confronts a United States Citizen-Only Hiring Law: Katharine Short and the California Alien Teachers Controversy of 1915.” His recent CHR article is the first publication resulting from his new, ongoing research project with Yale Canadian Studies about the transnational politics of anti-Catholicism in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century United States and Canada, “The Late Nineteenth-Century North American Catholic Schools Question: Tangled Disputes over Catholic Public Education in Manitoba and Minnesota” (2024).

RESEARCH

First Book: Disparate Regimes: Nativist Politics, Alienage Law, Citizenship Rights in the United States (OUP, 2025)

Nativism, Xenophobia, and alienage law from the late-19th century to the mid-twentieth century.
Comparative state political and legal history.
Citizenship rights and the history of American citizenship.
History of immigrant rights and intersection with history of civil rights of native-born populations (especially U.S.-born women)
Topics include: noncitizen voting rights, anti-alien legislative apportionment schemes, blue-collar nativist hiring laws, anti-alien licensure measures, and marital expatriation and repatriation.

PROJECTS AND EXHIBITIONS

Second Book project, tentatively entitled: “A North American Movement: Canadianizing the Politics of Anti-Catholicism in the United States, 1875-1914.”

Examines various moments and dimensions to American Anti-Catholic Politics in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, with a focus on the period between the late-1880s and early 1900s.
Illustrates the many Canadian inspirations for and direct connections to American anti-Catholic politics.
Topics include: (1) the state and Catholic/public education, (2) diplomatic relations (U.S.-Canada mostly, but also Britain, Ireland, and the Holy See), (3) immigration and immigrant rights, (4) nativist social movements and organizations, and (5) connections to transnational nationalist movements and ethno-linguistic organizations across borders.

AWARDS

(2023) Hilles Fund Early Scholar Publication Fund Grant, Yale University, (2019) Outstanding Dissertation Award, Immigration and Ethnic History Society, (2018–2019) Cromwell (Early Career Scholar) Fellowship, American Society for Legal History, (2016–2017) Graduate Division Dissertation Completion Fellowship, UC Berkeley, (2016) California Immigration Research Initiative Fellowship, UC San Diego, (2016) Fred J. Martin Jr. American Political History Award, UC Berkeley, (2016) Mike Synar Graduate Research Fellowship, UC Berkeley

INTERVIEWS

Interview Participant on Charlotte Talks, “The Impact Of The 2020 Census,” Charlotte NPR-WFAE 90.7, March 18, 2020. https://www.wfae.org/post/charlotte-talks-impact-2020-census#stream/0

Interested in being listed in the expert database?

Become an IEHS member to create a public profile. Your membership includes a subscription to Journal of American Ethnic History, the leading peer-reviewed research journal on the history of migration to North American from all other parts of the world, as well as eligibility for research awards and prizes.

Join IEHS

Already a member? Contact Andy Urban at db_manager@iehs.org to receive the expert database signup form.

Brendan Shanahan

Brendan Shanahan

Brendan Shanahan

EXTENDED PROFILE

RESEARCH

PROJECTS AND EXHIBITIONS

AWARDS

INTERVIEWS

Interested in being listed in the expert database?

About

Publications, Media and Events

Resources

Connect